Wika Pressure Gauge 232.50

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Wika Pressure Gauge 232.50

The pressure gauge is an instrument used to measure or display pressure.Wika Pressure Gauge 232.50 is bourdon tube pressure gauges are the most frequently used mechanical pressure measuring instruments.

Generally, it displays pressure in Bar (Unit of Pressure). The Bourdon tube is the namesake of Eugéne Bourdon, a French watchmaker and engineer who invented the bourdon gauge in 1849. Over the years, the bourdon tube has entrenched itself as the elastic element in most pressure gauges in the application today.

When the internal space of the bourdon tube is pressurised, the cross-section is thus altered towards a circular shape. The hoop stresses that are created in this process increase the radius of the c-shaped tube. As a result, the end of the tube moves by around two or three millimetres. This deflection is a measure of the pressure. It is transferred to a movement, which turns the linear deflection into a rotary movement and, via a pointer, makes this visible on a scale.

Bourdon tube variants

With the c-shaped bent Bourdon tubes, pressures up to 60 bar can be displayed. For higher pressures, helical or spiral-type Bourdon tubes are used. Depending on the geometry, material and material thickness, pressures up to 7,000 bar can be realised. Depending on the requirement, the pressure elements are made of copper alloys, stainless steels or special materials such as Monel.

The Bourdon pressure gauge operates on the principle that, when pressurized, a flattened tube tends to straighten or regain its circular form in cross-section. The Bourdon tube comes in C, helical, and spiral shapes—although most gauges employ the C shape, which is the type of Bourdon pictured at the top of the article.

Lets start talk about the 232.50 pressure gauge from Wika.
Wika is one of the best instrumentation manufacturer in the wold.
Saba Dejlah locatated in UAE as a trading company can supply all kind of Wika products for any destination in the world.

Technical Data of 232.50

Design

  • EN 837-1

Nominal size in mm

  • 63, 100, 160

Accuracy class

  • NS 63: 1.6
  • NS 100, 160: 1.0

Scale Ranges

  • NS 63: 0 … 1 to 0 … 1,000 bar
  • NS 100: 0 … 0.6 to 0 … 1,000 bar
  • NS 160: 0 … 0.6 to 0 … 1,600 bar

or all other equivalent vacuum or combined pressure and vacuum ranges

Pressure limitation

NS 63:

  • Steady: 3/4 x full-scale value
  • Fluctuating: 2/3 x full-scale value
  • Short time: Full-scale value

NS 100, 160:

  • Steady: Full-scale value
  • Fluctuating: 0.9 x full-scale value
  • Short time: 1.3 x full-scale value

Permissible temperature

Ambient:

  • -40 … +60 °C without liquid filling
  • -20 … +60 °C gauges with glycerine filling

Medium:

  • +200 °C maximum without liquid filling
  • +100 °C maximum with liquid filling 1)

Temperature effect

When the temperature of the measuring system deviates from the reference temperature (+20 °C):

  • max. ±0.4 %/10 K of full-scale value

Ingress protection

  • IP65 per EN 60529 / lEC 60529

Process connection

  • Stainless steel 316L (NS 63: 1.4571),
  • Lower mount (LM) or lower back mount (LBM), NS 63 centre back mount (CBM)
  • NS 63: G ¼ B (male), 14 mm flats
  • NS 100, 160: G ½ B, 22 mm flats

Pressure element

  • Stainless steel 316L C-type or helical type

Movement

  • Stainless steel

Dial

  • Aluminium, white, black lettering,
  • NS 63 with pointer stop pin

Pointer

  • Aluminium, black

Case

Stainless steel, with pressure relief at case circumference, 12 o’clock (NS 63) and on the back of the case (NS 100
and 160), Scale ranges ≤ 0 … 16 bar with compensating valve to vent case

Window

  • Laminated safety glass (NS 63: Polycarbonate)

Ring

  • Cam ring (bayonet type), stainless steel

Filling liquid (for model 233.50)

  • Glycerine 99.7 % (Glycerine 86.5 % for scale range ≤ 0 … 2.5 bar)
Diaphragm Pressure Gauge

Diaphragm Pressure Gauge

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Diaphragm Pressure Gauge

Diaphragm Pressure Gauge are preferably used for low-pressure ranges. Through the large working surface of the circular, corrugated diaphragm element, small pressure ranges can be measured reliably.

Diaphragm pressure gauges are considered as specialists in the process industries. They come into play when Bourdon tube pressure gauges reach the limits of their performance. One of the advantages of diaphragm pressure gauges is the measurement of low pressures.

It is suitable for all gaseous and liquid media, as well as for viscous media and suspended solids. When a force acts against a thinly stretched diaphragm, it causes a deflection of the diaphragm with its center, deflecting the most.

Applications of the diaphragm pressure gauge

  • For measuring points with increased overload
  • With liquid-filled case suitability for high dynamic pressure loads and vibrations
  • For gaseous, liquid and aggressive media, also in aggressive environments
  • With the open connecting flange option also for contaminated and viscous media

Industries:

  • Chemical
  • petrochemical
  • power plants
  • mining
  • on-/offshore
  • environmental technology
  • machine building
  • and general plant construction

Diaphragm pressure gauges are suitable for gauge, absolute and differential pressure. Their core, the diaphragm element, is a circular, corrugated diaphragm which is clamped or welded between two flanges. This element is generally manufactured from resilient steels such as stainless steel or Inconel. On pressure loading, the deflection of the pressure element, proportional to the incident pressure, is transferred to a movement via a link. (see Figure 1)

The usable diaphragm travel is as short as approximately one millimeter, which offers high repeatability. However, this characteristic is related to corresponding standards for quality and tolerances of the diaphragm materials.

In addition to the material itself, the material strength, waveform, and diameter determine the metrological characteristics of the diaphragm, and with this, the quality of the measuring result for the appropriate measuring range. Diaphragm elements basically possess a corrugated profile. A smooth metal diaphragm would deform plastically under loading and would, therefore, make a precise pressure measurement impossible.

Diaphragm Pressure Gauge

Diaphragm pressure gauges Advantages:

  • Excellent load performance
  • Linearity
  • Suitable for measuring absolute pressure, differential pressure
  • Small size, affordable
  • Can be used for viscous, slurry measurement.

Diaphragm pressure gauge Disadvantages:

  • Seismic, impact resistance is not good
  • Difficulty in maintenance
  • Lower measurement pressure
Flange

Flange

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Flange

The Flange is the second most used joining method after welding. Flanges are used when joints need dismantling. It Provides flexibility for maintenance.

Flange Connects the pipe with various equipment and valves. Breakup flanges are added in the pipeline system if regular maintenance is required during plant operation.

Flange Materials Specification

Dimensions from carbon steel and stainless steel flanges are defined in the ASME B16.5 standard. The material qualities for these flanges are defined in the ASTM standards.

These ASTM standards, define the specific manufacturing process of the material and determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings, and flanges, through percentages of the permitted quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, etc., and are indicated by “Grade”.

For example, a carbon steel flange can be identified with Grade F9 or F11, a stainless-steel flange with Grade F316 or Grade F321 etc..
Below you will find as an example a table with chemical requirements for fittings ASTM A403 Grade WP304, WP304L, WP316L and a table with frequent Grades, arranged on pipe and pipe-components, which belong together as a group.

As you may be have noted, in the table below, ASTM A105 has no Grade. Sometimes ASTM A105N is described; “N” stands not for Grade, but for normalized.

Normalizing is a type of heat treatment, applicable to ferrous metals only. The purpose of normalizing is to remove the internal stresses induced by heat treating, casting, forming etc.

Carbon Steel Flanges

The Carbon Steel Flanges are available in various dimensions. Exhibiting the properties such as high strength, high toughness, excellent fatigue strength, superior chemical resistance and high stress-corrosion cracking resistance, these flanges are ideal for connecting various pipes and are significant while support is required for mechanical parts.

  • ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF1, LF2 CL1/CL2, LF3 CL1/CL2
  • ASTM A694 F42, F46, F48, F50, F52, F56, F60, F65, F70

Stainless Steel Flange

Stainless Steel Flanges are corrosion resistant and have a wide variety of uses. We carry a variety of threaded flanges, weld neck flanges and slip-on flanges and of course, we can custom build stainless steel flanges to your specifications.

  • ASTM A182 F304/304L, F316/316L, F316H, F310, F321, F44 (UNS S31254)
  • ASTM A403 WP316/316L
  • ASTM A403 WP304/304L
  • ASTM A182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L, F321

316 / 316L

316/316L is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel in the chemical process industry. The addition of molybdenum increases general corrosion resistance, improves chloride pitting resistance and strengthens the alloy in high-temperature service.

Through the controlled addition of nitrogen, it is common for 316/316L to meet the mechanical properties of 316 straight grade while maintaining a low carbon content.

Applications of flanges

Flanges are integral parts of many engineering and plumbing projects.

In many applications, engineers need to find a way to close off a chamber or cylinder in a very secure fashion, usually, because the substance inside must differ from the substance outside in composition or pressure.

They do this by fastening two pieces of metal or other material together with a circle of bolts on a lip. This “lip” is a flange.

Plumbing

You can connect two sections of metal piping by soldering or welding them together, but pipes connected in this way are very susceptible to bursting at high pressures.

A way of connecting two sections of pipe more securely is by having flanged ends that you can connect with bolts. This way, even if gases or liquids build up to high pressures inside the pipe, it will often hold with no problem.

Mechanics

In order to connect two sections of a large, enclosed area, it is often best to used flanges and bolts. An example of this is the connection between the engine and the transmission in an automobile.

In this case, both the engine and the transmission contain a number of moving parts that can easily get damaged if they get dust or other small objects inside of them. By connecting the outer casings of the engine and transmission in this way, engineers protect the inner workings of both.

Electronics

Flanges have a specific purpose in cameras and other electronic devices. Though flanges in such items do not usually have to sustain high pressures, they do have to hold tight so they can keep out harmful particles.

These flanges are usually found connecting two different materials, such as the glass of a lens and the rest of the body of the camera.

TYPES OF FLANGES

The most used flange types in Petro and chemical industry are:

  • Welding Neck Flange
  • Slip On Flange
  • Socket Weld Flange
  • Lap Joint Flange
  • Threaded Flange
  • Blind Flange

SPECIAL FLANGES

Except for the most used standard flanges, there are still a number of special flanges such as:

  • Orifice Flanges
  • Long Welding Neck Flanges
  • Weld flange / Nipoflange
  • Expander Flange
  • Reducing Flange

Weld-neck

Complete with a tapered hub, these flanges are recognizable and used in high-pressure environments. The flange is particularly useful under repeat bending conditions.

Slip-on

A flange which is slipped over the pipe and welded both inside and outside to increase strength and prevent leakage. A favorite for engineers compared to the weld-neck due to their lower cost.

Socket-weld

With a static strength equal to the Slip-on flange, the Socket-weld is connected with the pipe with 1 fillet weld on the outside of the flange. Due to corrosion issues, some processes do not allow this flange.

Lap-joint

Used in conjunction with a lap joint stub end, the flange is slipped over the pipe but not fastened, unlike the slip-on. Instead, the flange is held in place by the pressure transmitted to the gasket by the flange pressure against the back of the pipe lap.

Threaded

Used in special circumstances, the threaded flange can be attached to the pipe without being welded. These are usually positioned on pipes with a deep wall thickness, used to create the internal thread.

Blind

Manufactured without a bore, these flanges are used to blank off the end of piping, valves and pressure vessel openings. They are also most suitable for high pressure-temperature applications.

References:

https://hardhatengineer.com/types-flanges-used-piping/

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/flanges_pipe-connections_pipe-flanges.html

http://www.sunnysteel.com/flange-material.php

https://blog.miragemachines.com/6-of-the-most-common-flange-types-used-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry

Types of pressure

Types of pressure

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Types of pressure

Pressure is an expression of force exerted on a surface per unit area. In this article, you found Types of pressure.

Gauge Pressure

The most common measurement of pressure is gauge pressure which is the pressure difference between the measured pressure and ambient pressure.

The term pressure is used if the measured pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure. The term vacuum is used if the measured pressure is below atmospheric pressure.

The use of either of these terms automatically implies that the pressure (or vacuum) being measured is with respect to ambient pressure

(i.e. gauge pressure or vacuum).

In order to distinguish absolute pressure measurements, the words “absolute pressure” must be used.

Gauge Pressure uses a reference to the atmosphere around the sensor. Because the sensing element has a deflection due to a pressure change, a reference point is needed to know exactly what pressure is being measured.

Pressure sensors that use gauge pressure—typically seen in PSIG, BARG, and kPaG —have some type of vent.

This vent can be built into the sensor or even through a tube in the electrical connection. The vent is positioned to use atmospheric pressure as a reference point for the sensor to measure the media.

One common reason for using gauge pressure is to ensure that with any location throughout the world, the sensor will always reference the location in which it is installed.

Absolute Pressure

The most definite reference point is absolute zero pressure.

This is the pressure of empty space in the universe. When pressure is based on this reference point, it is called absolute pressure.

To distinguish it from other types of pressures it is accompanied by the suffix “a” or “abs” (from the Latin: absolutus = independent, separate from).

Absolute Pressure a perfect vacuum as its reference. This type of pressure reference is the gauge pressure of the media plus the pressure of the atmosphere.

As locations change, especially when dealing with elevation changes, the reference point can change because of atmospheric pressure differences.

Using an absolute pressure sensor eliminates the reference to a varying atmospheric pressure and relying on a specific pressure range for reference.

Differential pressure

Differential Pressure can be a little more complex than gauge or absolute but is simply measuring the difference between two media.

Although most gauge pressures are technically a differential pressure sensor—measuring the difference between the media and atmospheric pressure—a true differential pressure sensor is used to identify the difference between the two separate physical areas.

For example, the differential pressure is used to check the pressure drop—or loss—from one side of an object to the other.

The difference between the two pressures P1 and P2 is referred to as the pressure differential                ΔP = P1 – P2.

The difference between two independent pressures is called the differential pressure

Atmospheric pressure

The most important pressure for life on earth is atmospheric air pressure pamb (amb = ambient, surrounding).

It is produced by the weight of the atmosphere surrounding the earth up to an altitude of about 300 miles.

Atmospheric pressure decreases continuously up to this altitude until it practically equals zero (full vacuum).

Atmospheric air pressure undergoes climatic changes, as shown by the daily weather report.

At sea level, pamb has an average value of 29.90 inches of Mercury (“Hg). In high or low-pressure weather zones it can fluctuate by as much as ± 5%.

 Five main units of pressure

The unit of pressure in the SI system is the pascal (Pa), defined as a force of oneNewton per square meter. The conversion between atm, Pa, and torr is as follows: 1 atm = 101325 Pa = 760 torr.

 

Here you can find many kinds of pressure gauges that use in the industry, for example, oil & refinery & food beverage and many more factories.

We can supply and deliver the products from any points to UAE or export the products for any points that you want.

Saba Dejlah is the supplier for any Valves, Gauges, Compressors, Transmitters, Thermometers,…

 

Pressure

What is Pressure?

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What is Pressure?

What is pressure ? pressure is defined as force per unit area.

At first, we explain the concept of Pressure in Science, Physics, and Chemistry.

Pressure, in the physical sciences, the perpendicular force per unit area, or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. … In SI units, the pressure is measured in pascals; one pascal equals one newton per square meter. Atmospheric pressure is close to 100,000 pascals.

PRESSURE is a force exerted by the substance per unit area on another substance. The pressure of a gas is the force that the gas exerts on the walls of its container.

In other words, The rapid motion and collisions of molecules with the walls of the container causes pressure (force on a unit area). Pressure is proportional to the number of molecular collisions and the force of the collisions in a particular area.
The more collisions of gas molecules with the walls, the higher the pressure.

pressure

 

So to create a large amount of pressure, you can either exert a large force or exert a force over a small area (or do both).

This force can be exerted by liquids, by gases or vapors, or by solid bodies.
Surface compression takes place at the interface between two solid bodies, but for our purposes, we can consider this additional force negligible.

Common Units of Pressure

There are three general classifications for units of  measurement as follows:

Customary (inch, pound force, second, ampere)- used primarily in English speaking countries, but in many countries are being replaced by SI units. Customary units of pressure include PSI, in. Hg, in.H2O.

 

SI – (meter, Newton, second, ampere) – Commonly used in Europe and now popularly known as “metric” units. SI units of pressure include bar, mbar, Pa, kPa, MPa, and N/m2.

MKSA (meter, kilogram-force, second, ampere) – formerly known as “metric” units but are generally

being replaced by SI units. MKSA units of press include kg/cm2, mH2O, mmHg, and torr.

In meteorology, an atmosphere equals 14.7 pounds per square inch or 101.325 kilopascals.

Fluid Pressure

The press exerted by a static fluid depends only upon the depth of the fluid, the density of the fluid, and the acceleration of gravity.

The pressure in a static fluid arises from the weight of the fluid and is given by the expression

fluid pressure

Pstatic fluid = ρgh where ρ = m/V = fluid density
g = acceleration of gravity
h = depth of fluid

 

When a fluid is at rest, it exerts a force perpendicular to any surface in contact with it. This force, which is due to the continuous, random motion of molecules, is known as fluid press. Knowing the fluid pressure is essential to mechanical and hydraulic systems that use fluids move pistons and other parts.
It is usually measured in Pascals (Pa), where one Pascal is equal to one Newton per square meter (N/m2).

The fluid press is independent of the mass of the fluid but can be calculated with the density and height of the fluid.

Because of the ease of visualizing a column height of a known liquid, it has become common practice to state all kinds of pressures in column height units, like mmHg or cm H2O, etc. Press is often measured by manometers in terms of liquid column height.

Definition of Gas Press

When the molecules of gas bounce off the walls of their container, they exert a force.

The gas press is defined as the force per unit area produced by the gas. Depending on the purpose of the measurement, different units are commonly used.

The pressure gauge is an instrument that can measure the pressure of the media.
Many kinds of pressure gauges are in the industry and we can choose them according to many factors that we will talk about them in the next articles.

Saba Dejlah will offer you many kinds of gauge from the best brands in the UAE, such as WIKA, ASHCROFT,…