Liquid Filled Pressure Gauge

Liquid Filled Pressure Gauge

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Liquid Filled Pressure Gauge

There are two main types of pressure gauges:

  • Liquid Filled Pressure Gauge
  • Dry Pressure Gauge

Dry pressure gauges are the most important part of the industrial and commercial parts world. Look at most air compressors. Many industrial machines and even some of the fancier bicycle pumps will have a dry gauge. Dry gauges do have some drawbacks, though.

Liquid-filled gauges are generally preferred over dry gauges for two reasons: performance and ROI. Liquid-filled gauges are filled with a liquid, usually, glycerin or silicone oil and are designed to perform optimally in less-than-ideal conditions.

Why Liquid Filled?

Liquid-filled gauges have longer lives than traditional (non-hermetically-sealed) gauges because of their viscous fluid filling. Over time, this design advantage results in costs savings due to lowered instrumentation costs as well as lessened unscheduled downtime.

Internal liquids protect against severe temperature fluctuations and vibrations—major factors in the breakdown of regular gauges. Because they dampen temperature spikes and vibrations.

In traditional gauges, condensation build-up results in visibility issues. This can be a crucial (and costly) flaw in high-humidity environments—an unreadable gauge is a worthless gauge. Liquid-filled gauges are designed to prevent moisture from entering not only the body casing but also the inside of the case lens.

Because they are sealed and constructed to meet rugged specifications, liquid-filled gauges are commonly used in highly corrosive chemical processes or in manufacturing or refining processes, and where products must be transported, stored, or handled in extreme temperature conditions.

Advantage of a Liquid Filled Gauge

  • It’s an inexpensive solution and in many cases comes standard on a gauge
  • It helps increase the life of the gauges by dampening as well as lubricating the mechanical parts of a pressure gauge

Disadvantage of a Liquid Filled Gauge

  • Discoloration (darkening or yellowing) of glycerin over time due to exposure of UV rays or extreme temperature changes
  • Standard Glycerin is really only good down to 20 degrees Fahrenheit. It is not recommended for cold environments
  • Risk of leakage
  • Pressure can build up in the case due to expansion and contraction of fluid from temperature changes (usually small, 1 PSI or so) affecting the accuracy of the reading as well as bring the needle off of zero

 

Comparison of Model 232 and 213 WIKA Pressure Gauges

Comparison of Model 232 and 213 WIKA Pressure Gauges

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Comparison of Model 232 and 213 WIKA Pressure Gauges

What is a pressure gauge?

The pressure is generally defined as a force that acts uniformly over a specified area. When you press the button on a doorbell, for example, the pressure of your fingertip applies a physical force that triggers an electric actuation switch inside the doorbell, which then sends a signal to chime. In industrial applications, the force that is applied over an area is usually a gas or liquid, but it can also be a solid.

Eugene Bourdon (1808–1884) was a brilliant French watchmaker and engineer who invented the Bourdon gauge in 1849. This revolutionary new pressure measurement device enabled accurate measurement of much higher pressures than existing measurement devices. Bourdon designed the device for steam locomotive engines, but the notably more useful and robust pressure measurement device allowed engineers to develop a range of industrial machinery that operated at higher pressures. Besides its relative simplicity and accuracy, the Bourdon gauge can measure much higher pressures than the U-tube manometer pressure gauges used at the time. With the Bourdon gauge, engineers could now measure pressures in excess of 100,000 psi.

Comparison

Model 232.50 and 213.53 both measure the pressure with the Bordon-tube sensor and are slightly different from each other.

Material

232.50

  • Case: Stainless steel
  • Connection: Stainless Steel

213.53

  • Case: Stainless steel
  • Connection: Brass

Bourdon Tune and wetted part:

232.50

  • Stainless steel

213.53

  • Stainless steel

Liquid Filled

232.50

  • Dry

213.53

  • Glycerine Oil

Pressure Calibrator CA700 YOKOGAWA

Pressure Calibrator CA700 YOKOGAWA

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Pressure Calibrator CA700 YOKOGAWA

The new Yokogawa CA700 Portable Pressure Calibrator is equipped with a silicon resonant sensor that uses Yokogawa proprietary DPHARP technology. The CA700 can measure pressures with an accuracy that is within ±0.01% of rdg*, making it one of the most accurate portable pressure calibrators on the market. This highly accurate portable pressure calibrator features a variety of functions that includes a wide selection of measuring ranges, as found/as left data storage, and memory capacity to store calibration procedures. The Yokogawa CA700 provides an accurate and efficient calibration and verification tool for pressure/differential pressure transmitters and other types of field devices for commissioning or regular inspection.

What is Pressure Calibrator

Pressure calibrators come in a wide variety. A pressure calibrator is simply a pressure measuring device capable of verifying (or calibrating) the pressure reading of another pressure measuring device. These devices might also be called pressure standards. The pressure calibrator must be more accurate than the device being calibrated. Traditionally, the calibration ratio is 4:1. This means that the pressure calibrator is 4 times more accurate than the device it is calibrating.

A pressure calibrator can also have secondary features that facilitate the calibration. For example, a pressure calibrator may have the capability to measure the output from the device under test (DUT). It might also have an internal pump capable of generating pressures used in the calibration, or it could have a precision regulator that can control a supply pressure and maintain a precise pressure output. Pressure Calibrator is a widely used term that can mean a lot of different things to a lot of different people.

Applications

1- Field Calibration of Differential Pressure and Pressure Transmitters

Calibration of pressure transmitters is required to accurately measure the input and output values and to calculate the error rate.
The CA700 ensures reliable calibration with its function to accurately measure the input and output values of pressure and current.
Additionally, its embedded calibration procedures enable users to perform certain calibration following the prescribed procedure.

2-Pressure Switch Test

A pressure switch test measures the pressure at the time when the contact opens and closes and the resistance at the time when the dead band contact closes.
A test procedure is embedded to enable users to carry out a test following the prescribed procedure.

3-Check and I/O Adjustment of an Electro-pneumatic Converter

Input and output adjustment of an electro-pneumatic converter is carried out by applying rising and falling currents of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the span.
A reliable test can be carried out with the CA700 that has a 4-20 mA step function for signal generation and a capability to accurately measure the generated pressure.

4-20 mA SIMULATE (Two-wire Transmitter Simulator)

The CA700 can also be used as a transmitter simulator to carry out a loop test. It can absorb (SINK) the set current from an external voltage generating device (e.g., a distributor system or PLC) of instrumentation equipment.
4-20mA current can be sourced with an accuracy of 0.015% of the reading.

5-Two-wire Transmitter Loop Check

DC mA signals can be measured by supplying power to the transmitter from a 24 V DC power supply.
DC mA signal measurement and zero-point check can be performed with an accuracy of 0.015% of the reading.
A 250-ohm resistor for HART and BRAIN communication is included in this calibrator so there is no need to attach an external resistor when connecting to a handy terminal.

6-Input Command Check and Adjustment of Recorders and Controllers

Instrumentation loop test and operation/command check can be performed by sourcing DC 1-5 V / 4-20 mA instrumentation signals with an accuracy of 0.015% of the reading. Furthermore, two patterns of linear sweep and step sweep can be selected (the sweep time can be specified from 15, 30, 45, and 60 sec).

Features

High Accuracy and Long Stability

  • Achieves the highest accuracy in the portable class
  • Basic accuracy:
    • Pressure (measurement) / 0.01% rdg.
    • Current/voltage (source/measurement) / 0.015% rdg.

Rangeability

  • Achieves the highest resolution and widest range in the portable class
  • 001 kPa (200.000 kPa range)

User Support

  • Strong support for field calibration and maintenance work
  • Calibration procedures of pressure transmitters and pressure switches are embedded.
  • “As Found” , “As Left” data and error rate (%) can be recorded.

Field Use

  • IP54 dustproof and waterproof robust case enables use in harsh environments.

Accessories

  • Three high-performance hand pump models for different pressure ranges are available.

 

Data Sheet

Solid Front Pressure Gauge WIKA

Solid Front Pressure Gauge WIKA model 232.30

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Solid Front Pressure Gauge WIKA model 232.30

Solid front safety gauges are designed to protect users and prevent accidents. The solid front gauge is reinforced at the front, providing a blow-out back safety case design. A solid partition wall between the front of the gauge and the Bourdon tube system will redirect the released energy to the back of the gauge in which the blow-out back of the safety case design redirects any lose parts or media to exit through the back of the gauge. Solid front design gauges have become standard safety equipment at most modern process plants. This type of gauges reduces the risk of getting injured if a gauge is misapplied.

Applications

With liquid-filled case for applications with high dynamic pressure pulsations (add restrictor) or vibration

Suitable for corrosive environments and gaseous or liquid media that will not obstruct the pressure system

Process industry: chemical/petrochemical, power stations, mining, on and offshore, environmental technology, mechanical engineering, and plant construction

Technical Specification

Design

  • ASME B40.100 & EN 837-1

Sizes

  • 2½”, 4” & 6” (63, 100 and 160 mm)

Accuracy class

  • 2½”: ± 2½% of span (ASME B40.100 Grade A)
  • 4” & 6”: ± 1.0% of span (ASME B40.100 Grade 1A)

Ranges

  • Vacuum / Compound to 200 psi (16 bar)
  • Pressure from 0/15 (1 bar) to 0/15,000 psi (1000 bar) – 2½” , 4”
  • Pressure from 0/10 (0.6 bar) to 0/20,000 psi (1600 bar) – 6”

or other equivalent units of pressure or vacuum

Working pressure

2½”:

  • Steady: ¾  full-scale value
  • Fluctuating: 2/3 full-scale value
  • Short time: full-scale value

4” & 6”:

  • Steady: full-scale value
  • Fluctuating: 0.9x full-scale value
  • Short time: 1.3x full-scale value

Operating temperature

Ambient:

  • -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C) – dry
  • -4°F to +140°F (-20°C to +60°C) – glycerine-filled
  • -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C) – silicone-filled

Medium:

  • +392°F (+200°C) maximum – dry
  • +212°F (+100°C) maximum – liquid-filled

Pressure connection

  • Material: 316L stainless steel
  • Lower mount (LM)
  • Lower back mount (LBM) – for 2½” & 4” size only ¼” NPT or ½” NPT limited to wrench flat area

Bourdon tube

  • Material: 316L stainless steel
  • < 1,500 psi (100 bar): C-shape
  • > 1,500 psi (100 bar): Helical

Movement

  • Stainless steel

Dial

  • White aluminum with black lettering; 2½” with stop pin

Pointer

  • Black aluminum, adjustable

Electromagnetic flow controller

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KROHNE Electromagnetic flow controller

The DWM 1000 is a 2-wire electromagnetic flow controller to monitor the flow of conductive liquids, pastes, and slurries. The switching point of this insertion-type device is adjustable over a full-scale range of 0.1 …9.9 m/s or 0.3…32.5 ft/s. A welding socket is supplied as standard for welding the DWM 1000 directly onto process pipes (DN50…400 / 2…16″). The long version (DWM 1000 L) is suited for larger pipe diameters or open channels. It comes with either a threaded connection or sliding connection. Both versions are equipped with a safety chain for the safe removal of the sensor and with an optional isolation valve. The flow switch is also available with a VARIVENT® connection for hygienic applications.

As an alternative to insertion tubes, an optional spool piece can be used to install the DWM 1000 without welding operation. Amplifier relays are available for a selection of AC and DC voltages. For temporarily or permanently immersed measuring points, the switch can be ordered as IP68 rated version. The DWM 1000 is factory calibrated before delivery.

What is Magnetic Flowmeter?

Magnetic flowmeters use Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction to determine the flow of liquid in a pipe. In a magnetic flowmeter, a magnetic field is generated and channeled into the liquid flowing through the pipe. Following Faraday’s Law, the flow of a conductive liquid through the magnetic field will cause a voltage signal to be sensed by electrodes located on the flow tube walls. When the fluid moves faster, more voltage is generated. Faraday’s Law states that the voltage generated is proportional to the movement of the flowing liquid. The electronic transmitter processes the voltage signal to determine the liquid flow.

Application

General

  • Cost-effective flow detection
  • Control of cooling systems
  • Pump protection

Water and wastewater industry

  • Flow control in pump stations

Conventional and Nuclear Power Industry

  • Water

Technical Features

Options

  • Flashing LED

Ambient temperature

  • -25…+60°C / -13…+140°F

Max. allowable operating pressure

  • 25 bar / 360 psig

Process connections

  • with standard fitting: G 1A; Screw-on welding socket (Ø39 mm / 1.5″) for process pipes DN50…400 / 2…16″

Power supply

  • 48…250 VAC or VDC

Data Sheet

Superior Pressure Transmitter S20 WIKA

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Superior pressure transmitter model S20 WIKA

A pressure sensor (pressure transmitter) converts the physical quantity ‘pressure’ into an industry-standard signal. WIKA portfolio covers a wide spectrum of pressure sensors: for refrigeration and air-conditioning applications, the food industry, mobile working machines, medical gases, and the semiconductor industry. WIKA pressure sensors offer accuracies starting from 0.05 %, measuring ranges from 20inWc … 200,000 psi, digital interfaces such as CANopen and IO-Link, multiple international approvals, hazardous areas.

Superior Pressure Transmitter S20 WIKA

The model S-20 pressure transmitter for general industrial applications is the ideal solution for customers with demanding measuring requirements.

It features a very good accuracy, a robust design and an exceptional number of variants, meaning it can be suited to the widest range of applications. Versatile The model S-20 offers continuous measuring ranges between 0 … 10 to 0 … 20,000 psi (0 … 0.4 and 0 … 1,600 bar) in all the major units.

These measuring ranges can be combined in almost any way with all the standard industry output signals, the most common international process connections and a wide number of electrical connections. Furthermore, it offers numerous options, such as different accuracy classes, extended temperature ranges and customer-specific pin assignments. High quality The robust design turns the model S-20 into a very high-quality product, which even the most adverse environmental conditions cannot affect. Whether with the lowest temperatures when used outdoors, with extreme shock and vibration in machine building or with aggressive media in the chemical industry, this transmitter can meet all requirements. Availability All variants described in this data sheet are available on very short lead times. For particularly urgent demands, there is a sizeable stock available.

Applications

  • Critical industrial applications
  • Demanding applications in research and development
  • Harsh environments in the process industry

Measuring ranges

Gauge pressure (Bar)

  • 0 … 0.4 / 0 … 0.6 / 0 … 1 / 0 … 1.6 / 0 … 2.5 / 0 … 4 / 0 … 6 / 0 … 10 / 0 … 16 / 0 … 25 / 0 … 40 / 0 … 60 / 0 … 100 / 0 … 160 / 0 … 250 / 0 … 400 / 0 … 600 / 0 … 1000 / 0 … 1600

Absolute pressure (Bar)

  • 0 … 0.4 / 0 … 0.6 / 0 … 1 / 0 … 1.6 / 0 … 2.5 / 0 … 4 / 0 … 6 / 0 … 10 / 0 … 16 / 0 … 25 / 0 … 40

Vacuum and +/- measuring range (Bar)

  • -0.4 … 0 / -0.6 … 0 / -1 … 0 / -1 … +0.6 / -1 … +1.5 / -1 … +3 / -1 … +5 / -1 … +9 / -1 … +15 / -1 … +24 / -1 … +39 / -1 … +59

Output signal

Current (2-wire)

  • 4 … 20 mA

Voltage (3-wire)

  • DC 0 … 10 V
  • DC 0 … 5 V
  • DC 1 … 5 V
  • DC 0.5 … 4.5 V
  • DC 1 … 6 V

Ratiometric (3-wire)

  • DC 0.5 … 4.5 V

Power supply

  • Maximum power supply for cULus approval: DC 35 V (DC 32 V with heavy-duty connector)

Overpressure limit

  • The overpressure limit is based on the sensor element used. Depending on the selected process connection and sealing, restrictions in overpressure safety can result. A higher overpressure limit will result in a higher temperature error

Data Sheet

GF Rotameter

GF Rotameter

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GF Rotameter

The plastic variable area flowmeters in the SK series from GF Piping Systems are radially-installed dismountable meters for measuring the rate of flow in industrial pipework applications.

The measurement ranges, which are attuned to our customers’ needs, and the range of materials available for the tubes and screwed fittings, meaning that the flow meters can be used for a wide range of applications and a great variety of media.

What is Rotameter?

Rotameters are the most widely used type of variable-area (VA) flowmeter. In these devices, the falling and rising action of a float in a tapered tube provide a measure of flow rate. Rotameters are known as gravity-type flowmeters because they are based on the opposition between the downward force of gravity and the upward force of the flowing fluid. When the flow is constant, the float stays in one position that can be related to the volumetric flow rate. That position is indicated on a graduated scale. Note that to keep the full force of gravity in effect, this dynamic balancing act requires a vertical measuring tube.

Other forms of gravity-type VA meters may incorporate a piston or vane that responds to flow in a manner similar to the float’s behavior. All these devices can be used to measure the flow rates of most liquids, gases, and steam. There are also similar types that balance the fluid flow with a spring rather than the gravitational force. These do not require vertical mounting, but corrosive or erosive fluids can damage the spring and lead to reduced accuracy.

When there is no flow through a rotameter, the float rests on the bottom of the dosing tube, where the maximum diameter of the float is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the tube. When the fluid enters the dosing tube, the floating effect of the fluid lightens the float. However, the float has a greater density than the fluid, and the flotation effect is not sufficient to raise it.

There is a small annular opening between the float and the tube. The pressure falling through the float increases and increases the float. This increases the area between the float and the tube until the upward hydraulic forces acting on it are balanced by their weight, less the floating force. The float moves up and down the tube in proportion to the flow rate of fluid and the annular area between the float and the tube. Reach a stable position in the tube when the forces are in equilibrium.

Technical Features

Size:

⅜”–2½”

Total Flow Range

  • 0.01–264 GPM

Tube Material

  • PA
  • PSU
  • PVC transparent

Seal

  • EPDM
  • FPM

Float

  • PVDF
  • PVDF-HP transparent

End Connection

  • Solvent cement socket
  • threaded
  • flanged
  • fusion spigot union
  • fusion socket union

Range:

  • d16 to d75: DN10 to DN65

Connections:

  • Solvent Cement Socket
  • Fusion Socket

Standards:

  • ISO
  • BS
  • ASTM
  • JIS

Nominal pressure:

  • PN10

Fields of Application:

  • Industrial Water Treatment
  • Marine
  • Automotive Industry
  • Power Supply
  • Food and Beverage

Advantages:

  • No auxiliary energy required
  • Easy reading off value
  • Wide product range

Data Sheet